Women's Clothing from the 1770's

This woman is dressed in the manner of the late 18th century. Her gown is wool and her undergarments are linen. Most women wore a gown everyday, but many had only two or three. Undergarments were not changed daily. Standards of cleanliness were very different from today, and bathing was typically done once a week at most and even less often in the winter.

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Undergarments

female model wearing long white linen shift, white floppy cap and black knit stockings

Cap

It was both practical and stylish for a woman to wear a cap. It covered dirty, possibly lice-infested hair and kept it away from the fire. A woman would wear a cap both indoors and out. When outside she might put on another hat over her cap.

Shift

A shift would be made of linen and would serve as both nightgown and slip. A woman might only own two or three. She would wear her shift night and day, often for weeks or more at a time especially in winter, without laundering. Underpants did not exist yet so a woman would wear absolutely nothing under her shift!

Stockings

Everyone wore socks called "stockings" that came up over the knee. They were commonly hand-knitted of wool or linen.

Foundation Garments

model wearing dark green stays, beige petticoat, large dark green pockets and brown leather shoes with large buckle over the instep.

Stays

Stays are a support garment stiffened with whalebone, wood or reed; that provides good posture and the ice cream cone-shaped silhouette that was popular throughout most of the 18th century. A woman might start wearing stays as a toddler! If she did not have the skill to make her own, she could purchase stays that had been imported from England.

model showing slim wooden busk that is usually concealed in the front of her stays.

Busk

Many women wore a busk down the front of their stays. A busk is a piece of wood that has been shaped so that it is smooth and rounded at the back. It prevents the woman from bending at the waist, and creates the rounded shape down the front of the body that was fashionable. Many busks were gifts from a boyfriend or husband and carved with designs on the front.

Pockets

Women's clothing did not have attached pockets. A pocket or two would be tied on around a woman's waist before she put on her final layer. Gowns and petticoats had slits in the sides for access to pockets. Pockets were not meant to show, as they contained personal and sometimes valuable items.

Under Petticoat

Women in the 18th century wore multiple petticoats--what we would call skirts. They always wore at least two, and sometimes, when it was very cold, would wear up to five. Petticoats were made from linen, wool, silk or cotton. The ones worn underneath were usually undyed linen.

Shoes

A common woman would have one or two pairs of shoes. They were hand sewn by "cordwainers", or shoemakers, and had no rights or lefts.

Daily Garments

model wearing warm brown bodice and skirt over irredescent pinkish petticoat

Kerchief

For modesty sake, a woman wore a kerchief of silk, linen or cotton. Only for a formal occasion such as a party or ball would she not wear one.

Gown

This gown is in the style called a "Polonaise". It closes down the front and is actually sewn together. The woman could also have used straight pins to fasten it. Buttons were not fashionable on women's clothing. It is made of a very fine woolen cloth.

Quilted Petticoat

This petticoat is made of changeable silk and is quilted in a fashionable design. Changeable silk is woven with one color in the warp and another color in the weft. You can see how some areas look pink and other areas look gray. This type of fabric is beautiful in candlelight. Petticoats were quilted for warmth and also to look pretty.

small scissor and cloth ball hanging on cotton tape from waistband

Scissors Clip

Some women kept their sewing equipment handy by using a scissors clip that hooked onto a belt or apron strings. Any number of items could be attached to it by chain or ribbon. This woman has scissors and a ball for holding pins and needles.

Outer Garments

model wearing bright red wool cape with large hood

Cape

Women did not wear coats in the winter. They wore woolen capes. Scarlet was a fashionable color for these hooded capes, and this may be the origin of "Little Red Riding Hood". Capes were half circles of wool, pieced to make them wide enough. Many capes had attached hoods to keep the woman's head warm.