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An improved road made it possible for automobiles to travel along the Mohawk Trail. This road runs between North Adams, Massachusetts, to Greenfield, in the Connecticut River Valley. It then continues for another 22 miles to the New York State border, and on into the Mohawk Valley. Popular during the back-to-nature movement of the early 20th century, this route had already been improved in the previous century. It was part of an effort in Massachusetts to build a network of state-chartered turnpikes that ultimately connected the capital, Boston, with the Connecticut River Valley, the towns of western Massachusetts, and ultimately, New York and the Hudson River.